What Is Haemato-Oncology?
Haemato-oncology combines two disciplines: haematology, the study of blood and blood disorders, and oncology, the study and treatment of cancer. Specialists in this field diagnose and treat cancers that originate in blood-forming tissues, including:
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Leukaemia
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Lymphoma
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Myeloma
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Myelodysplastic syndromes
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Myeloproliferative disorders
These diseases impact how blood cells grow, divide, and function—leading to serious health consequences if left untreated.
Common Blood Cancers
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Leukaemia
A cancer of the bone marrow and blood, characterized by the rapid production of abnormal white blood cells. It can be acute (fast-growing) or chronic (slow-growing). -
Lymphoma
Affects the lymphatic system. The two main types are Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, each with unique characteristics and treatment approaches. -
Multiple Myeloma
A cancer of plasma cells (a type of white blood cell), which weakens the immune system and can damage the bones and kidneys. -
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
A group of disorders caused by poorly formed or dysfunctional blood cells, often progressing to leukaemia if untreated.
Signs and Symptoms to Watch For
Blood cancers can be subtle in the early stages. Here are some warning signs:
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Unexplained fatigue or weakness
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Frequent infections or fevers
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Easy bruising or bleeding
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Swollen lymph nodes
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Bone pain
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Unexplained weight loss
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Night sweats
If you or someone you know is experiencing persistent symptoms, it’s important to consult a doctor or haematologist.
Diagnosis and Testing
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of:
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Blood tests (e.g., complete blood count or CBC)
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Bone marrow biopsy
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Imaging studies (CT, MRI, PET scans)
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Genetic and molecular testing
These tools help determine the type and stage of cancer, which is essential for creating a personalized treatment plan.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the specific type and stage of blood cancer but may include:
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Chemotherapy
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Targeted Therapy
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Immunotherapy
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Radiation Therapy
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Stem Cell Transplantation
Thanks to research and innovation, many patients today live longer, healthier lives with fewer side effects from treatment.
Hope Through Innovation
The field of haemato-oncology is constantly evolving. Breakthroughs in precision medicine, CAR T-cell therapy, and targeted treatments are giving patients more effective options with fewer side effects. With early diagnosis and expert care, blood cancers are more manageable than ever before.